Hopper car



May 10, 1927. 1,628,156

' P. KLEMQFF HOPPER CAR Filed March 26. 1926 a Sheets-Sheet 2 May10,1927. I v 1,628,156,

P. KLEMOFF HOPPER CAR Filed "arch 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet Mhy 10,1921.1,628,156

P. KLEMOFF HOPPER CAR Filed March 26. 1926 sh t -sheet 4 I P; KLEMOFFMay 10 1927.

HOPPER CAR Filed March 2 1926 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 I '77? Z l k JZQ May 10,1921. 1,628,156

P. KLEMOFF HOPPER CAR il March 26- 1926 a Sheets-Shet 5 P. KLEMOFF May10 1927.

HOPPER CAR Filed March 26. 1926 EQ 8 Sheets-Sheet 7* Patented May 10,1927.

UNITED "STATES 1,628,156 PATENT OFFICE.

PAUI. KLEMOFF, or CHICAGO, ILLINoIs, 'AssIdNoa 'I'o' GENERAL AMERICANTANK CAB. CORPORATION, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or wnsrVIRGINIA.

Application filed March 26,

of the car, while affording to the structure the desired resistance tothe various stresses to which it is subjected in use; to so shape thewalls of the hopper that a maximum i 1 cubicalcapacity is afiorded andlodgment of the contents of the hopper, especially. at the cornersthereof, in the dumping o'fthe hopper, is avoided, or in other words,the hopper is rendered quickly self-clearing 2 while having a maximumcubical capacity; to provide an underframe for the car of suchconstruction that while sufficiently resistant to the stresses to whichitis subjected in use, the car may be eduipped with standard draft-gearequipment without.sac-

ri fici'ng the cubical capacity of the car or its necessary resistanceto th'e stresses to which itis subjected in use; and other objects aswill be manifest from the following description. Referring to theaccompanying drawings:- Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a hoppercar constructed in accordance with my invention. Figure 2 is a plan viewthereof. Figure is an enlargedview in O longitudinal sectional elevationof one end of the car of the preceding figures,the section being takenat the line 3 on Fig. 2 and 40 viewed in the direction of the arrow. Figure 4 is a section taken at the line 44 on Fig. 3 and viewed in thedirection of the arrows. Figureb is a plan broken sectional view ofthestructure shown in Fig. 4, the

' section being taken at the-lines Aaand B on Fig. ,4 and viewed in thedirection of the arrows and showing the shape oftlie sectioned parts atthe planes of these lines, and showing by the dotted lines C and D the aH shape of the end and corner plates, at planes correspondingwiththe'lines Ccand D on Fig. '4. Figure 6 is a plan sectional view taken atthe line 6 on Fig. 3 and viewed in the diredtionof the arrow the couplerand norms. GAR.

1926. Serial No. 97,658.

draftgear mechanism being omitted. Figure 7 is a section taken atthe-irregular line '('7 on Fig. 6 and viewed in the direction of thearrows. car in end elevation, the view being taken at the line 8 on Fig.1 and viewed in the direction of the ,arrow; and Figure 9, a perspectiveinterior vew of an end of the hopper, the side walls, bottom, and aportion of the end wall being shown by dotted lines.

The underframe of the car comprises structural steel channelside-girders with wtheir channels opening towardthe center of *the car,and structural steel bean1uprigl1ts 21 connected with the ends of thegirders 20 and shown as of'H-shape in cross section. The underframe alsocomprises hollow cast steel members 22 one at each corner of theunderframe, connected at flanges 23 and 24 thereon. with the adjacentuprights 21 and side-girders 2Q, the members 22 having hollowoppositely-extending extensions 25 and 26, which are disposed at anangle to the longitudinal axis of the car, as shown. The extensions 25are located between, and se cured to, structural steel arms 27 anddiagonal beam-members 28 the arms 27 and members 28' being secured attheir inner ends to hollow cast-steel connecting members 29 which inturn are connected with the side-girders 20. The extensions 26 arelocated between, and secured to, the-inner ends of pressed steel members30 and the members 28,\tlie outer ends of the members 28 and 30 beingspaced apart, as shown, at each side of the "car and interfitting with,and secured to, \web-portions3l and 32 of cast-steel striking-members33, one at each end of the car. The members 33 are connected atweb-portions 34 and 35 thereof,

midway between their ends, with the outer,

overlapping ends of draft-sill structural steelichannels 36 which latterare connected at their inner ends with cast-steel hollow members 37forming continuations of the draft-sill channels 36 at each end of thecar and open at their tops and bottoms, as represented at 38 and 39,respectively, to permit of the insertion therethrough of thedoor-operating devicesv hereinafter described.

Extending laterally of the members 37 are structural steel body-bolstermembers 40, their inner ends being connected with Figure 8 is a view ofthe the sides of the members 37 and their outer i in a mannenwell knownin the art.

- ported and represented generally at. 44. The.

Referring now to the structure mounted 1 on, and carried by, theunderframc, it comprises the hopper for the material to be trans sidewalls of the hopper are represented at 45, each thereof being shown asformed of sheets of steel presenting an upper section 46 and a lowersection 47 secured together along lapped portions thereof one of whichis deflected inwardly as shown. a The upper sections 46 which aredisposed substantially vertically are connected flatwise to the upperends of the uprights 21 and are provided along their upper edges withrigid side bars 48 extending substantially the full length of the carand of general Z-shape as shown (Fig. 4) and preferably so disposed thattheir web-portions 49 incline upwardly and outwardly at an angle ofapproximately 48 to a horizontal plane, the channels 50, formed by thewebs 49 and the upper flanges 51 of these bars, contaihingangle-shapedreenforcing fillets 52 riveted to these webs and flanges as shown; andthe channels 58,

formed by the webs 49 and the lower flanges 54 of these bars, containingangle-shaped r'eenforcing fillets 55 riveted to these flanges and websas shown. The upper edges of the plate sections 46 are inwardly turnedto present flanges 56 which extend beneath, and flatwise oppose, theadjacent flanges 54 of the Z-bars 48 and to which they are secured,

the outer surfaces of the sections 46 being flush with the outersurfaces of the, bars 48, as shown in Fig. 4.

The lower wall sections '47 incline downwardly and inwardly, asrepresented at 57,

r and terminate in depending flanges 58 which are reenforced by angleirons 59. Supported on the side girders 20 at intervals, and securedthereto, are upwardly extending angle-shape flanged gussets 60 againstwhich the inclined portions 57 of the sheet sections 47 bear and towhich, preferably, they are secured, the gussets 60 serving to reenforceand stiffen the sheet sections referred to,

against deformation, it being preferred that there be interposed betweenthe side girders 20 and the members 60, and secured to both, plates 61extending the full length of the side sheets at the lower end portionsof the latter, with their inner edges downwardly inclined, asrepresented at 62, to be flatwise contacted with, and form supports for,the lower portions of the side sheets. As shown, stiifening members 63are fitted at intervals into the spaces defined by the channels of theside girders 20 and the plate 61 and are secured to these members.

To stiffen the lateral sides of the hopper, truss members 64 areprovided substantially midway between the ends of these sides, thesemembers conformingly fitting the inner surfaces of the side walls 45 ofthe hopper and being secured thereto and to the Z-bars 48. I

The end walls of the hopper, which incline downwardly and inwardly, areshown as each formed of a central flat sheet section 65; sheet sections66 of the same shape and size disposed at opposite sides of the section65 with adjacent edges overlapped and secured together, the outer sidesof the sections 66 inclining downwardly and inwardly as shown at 67;corner slope-sheets 68 at the outer edges of the sections 66 and securedthereto, and sheet sections 69 beyond the sheets 68 and secured to theouter edges of the latter and to the adjacent inclined end edges 70 ofthe side sheets 45, the sheets 66, 68 and 69 at each corner of thehopper being preferably formed integrally from a single sheet of metal.The sheets 65 and 66 are shown as extending in substantially parallelrelation to each other to present a substantially continuous flatsurface and are connected at their upper ends with rigid stiffening endbars 71 shown as of angleshape in cross section.

The slope sheets 68, in accordance with one feature of my invention, areso shaped as to cause those portions of the contents of the hopper whichare disposed at these corner-forming sheets to readily slide out of Ithe lower discharge opening of the hopper in the emptying of the latter,while affording to the hopper the maximum cubical capacity. To this endeach sheet 68 is so shaped, preferably by pressing the sheet from whichit is preferably formed, that the sheet extends, at any plan sectionthereof, at a less angle tothe longitudinal axis, or median line, of the.car, than at,any plan section thereof below, as represented in thedrawings particularly in- Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8. In other words thesheet is twisted from its upper edge progressively toward its lower edgein a direction toward paralleli- ,zation of this sheet with the adjacentflat,

transversely-disposed, section 66 adjacent thereto, thereby causing thesection 68 to be substantially of the same form as a portion of aconvolution of a spiral, but in pressing the sheet to the form stated itis preferably so shaped that its upper andlower edges and its side edgesare caused to be substantially straight and any transverse sectiondicated by the several lines of section in Fig. 5, certain ofvwhich aredotted lines.

The lower edges of the sheet sections 65,

66 and 68 are cut to extend straight and in substantially plan alignmentas shown in Fig. 2, and reach to the adjacent ends of the side-wallsections '57 and connect with the bolster members the sections 65, 66and 68, with the sections 57', defining the discharge'opening of-thehopper, the end walls described being preferably provided with dependingaprons 72 extending in a plane below the lower edges of the side wallsof the hopper.

The sheet sections 68 are preferably shaped as shown and each isprovided, at 1ts' outer edge, with an upper and a lower flange 73 and74, respectively, which lap the inner and outer surfaces, respectively,of. the adjacent side wall 45 at the end of the latter. t

The end walls of the hopper are shown as braced to resist the stressesimposed against them by the weight of the contents of the hopper, ,thesebracing means comprising the uprights 21 against the upper ends of whichportions of these end walls flatwise extend and to which they aresecured; upright 75 located at the endsof the car adjacent the cornersthereof and rigidly con-' nected with extensions 76 of the strikingplates 33,, the upper ends of these uprights being connected with gussetplates (not shown) which are located at the undersides of the end wallsof the hopper and are connected therewith; and uprights 77 connectedwith the striking plates 33 adjacent the center line of the, car andconnected at their upper ends with gusset plates 781whichin turnflatwise oppose, and are connected with, the flanges of angle-irons 7 9extending along, and secured to, the undersides of the end walls of thehopper at the joints between the plate-sections 66 and 67. The end wallsare further braced by angle-irons 8O connccted with brackets "81 securedto the uprights77 "and connected at their inner ends with gussets 82connected with the angleirons l9 and also with uprights 83 rising from,and connected with, the floor plate of the underframe. r

The side and end walls of the hopper are rigidly connected together attheir upper edge portions, to cause the hopper to present at its upperedge a rigid substantially rectangular frame, by angle-shaped cornerpieces, or gusset-caps, 84, which overlap the adjacent end portions ofthe walls of the hopper at the corner portions thereof andthe adjacentends of the side and end bars 48 and 71.

The doors for the hopper are represented at 85, these doors beinghingedly supported at their outer, upper, edges to hinge-bntts car inaccordancewith my invention,

86 secured to the plates 61 at intervals along the latter, as indicatedat 87, to adapt them to be swung upwardly to thetclosed position shownin Fig. 4 and downwardly to open position. Any suitablemechanism foroperating the doors may be provided, that shown being of common and wellknown form and comprising, generally stated, cranks 88 carried by shafts89 journalled on the car at opposite ends of the latter and connectedtogether, at sprockets 90 thereon, by a sprocket-chain 91 and rotated byeither one of the drive shafts 92 journalled on the car and having gears93 meshing with gears 94 on the shafts 89, the cranks 88 being.pivotally connected at 89 with links 90 which in turn are connected at91 with sectional link-devices 92 which extend through the upper andlower openings 38 and 39 in the ,members 37. v

The connections between the various beams, sheets, girders and tlielike, described and forming the underframe, the superposed frame andthe'hopper, may be made in any suitable way, as for example by riveting,or welding, them at their flatwise contacting portions, it beingdescribed and shown as flatwise engaging, be so secured together at all.of such portions.

By way of enumeration of certain of the advantages resulting fromconstructing a it may be stated, in general, that by so constructing thecar, it affords the maximum hopper-' capacity within the limit of theallowable preferred that such parts dimensions; is self-clear ng 1n dumpng; 1s

adapted for the use of standard couplers and draft gear, and may beconstructed at the minimum cost. More specifically, certain advantagesare that the arrangement of the parts of the underframe, as shown anddescribedfwhereby the body bolsters',instead of occupying a position inwhich they register with the center line of the trucks as is, commonpractice in cars of the kind to which my invention relates, arepositioned substantially at the inne1; ends of the draftsills and at thebottom "of the end walls of the hopper, afl'ords suificient space forthe installation of the standard form of coupler and draft-gear withoutreducing the "size of the hopper. In this connection it may be statedthat by such arrangement of the parts of the underframethe load to whichthe side girders 20 are subjected is carried to the Another advantageresulting from such arrangement of-the parts of the underframe 1s thatthe car may be jacked up at its four H-beams 21 without subjecting theunderframe to undue stresses, because ofthe provision of the members 41forming bridges provided of the maximum capacity within the dimensionlimits (which may not be exceeded in the building of cars) withoutimpairing its rigidity and resistance to the stresses to which it issubjected in use.

The feature of providing the sheets forming the corners of the hopperand lnvolving the sheets 68 as described. is also of great advantageinasmuch as thereby the maximum capacity of the hopper 1s afforded; andby the action which results from the material descending along theseportions, all of the material at the corner-portions freely and quicklyslides through the discharge opening in the hopper.

While I have illustrated and described a particular construction of myinvention, I

do not wish to be understood as intending to limit it thereto, as the'same may be variously modified and altered without departing from thespirit of my invention.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a hopper-equipped car, the combination of its underframe and ahopper supported thereon, the upper edge-portion of said hoppercomprising stiffening bars of substantially Z-shape in cross-section extending lengthwise of the car.

2. In a hopper-equipped car, the combination of its underframe, and ahopper supported thereon, the upper edge-portion of said hoppercomprising stiffening bars of substantially Z-shape in cross-sectionextending lengthwise of the car, with their flanges extending angularlyrelative to a horizontal plane.

3". In a hopper-equipped car,-the combination of its underframe, and ahopper supported. thereon, the. upper edge-portion of said hoppercomprising stiffening bars of substantially Z-shape in cross-section extending lengthwise of the car, with their flanges extending at an angleof approximately 48 to a horizontal plane.

4. In a hopper-equipped car, the combination of its underframe, and ahopper supported thereon, the upper edge-portion of said hoppercomprising stifl'enin'g bars of substantially Z-sh'ape in cross-sectionextending lengthwise of the car along its upper edges, each of said barsbeing so disposed that its web extends obliquely upwardly and away fromthe center of the hopper.

5, In a hopper-equipped car, the combinat on of its under-frame, ahopper supported thereon, the upper edge-portion of said hoppercomprising stiffening bars of substantially Z-shape in cross-sectionextending lengthwise of the car, and re-enforcing fillets in the spacesprovided between the webs and flanges thereof.

6. In a hopper-equipped car, the combination of its underframe, and ahopper supported thereon, the upper edge-portion of said hoppercomprising stiffening bars of substantially Z-shape in cross-sectionextending lengthwise of the car, and the side walls of said hopperhaving flanges at their upper edge-portions flatwise opposing, andsecured to, the lower flanges of said bars.

7. In a hopper-equipped car, the combination of its underframe, and ahopper sup ported thereon, the upper edge-portion of said hoppercomprising stiffening bars of substantially Z-shape in cross-sectionextending lengthwise of the car, with their flanges extending angularlyrelative to a horizontal plane, and the side walls of said hopper havingflanges at their upper edge- .portions flatwise opposin 'and secured to,

8. A hopper, the walls of which are disposed in a general rectangulararrangement, the inner surfaces of certain of said walls at the cornersof the hopper extending progressively from their upper to their lowerend-portions at an increasing angle to the median line of the car.

9. A hopper, the walls of which are dis posed in a general rectangulararrangement, the inner surfaces of certain of said walls at the cornersof the hopper extending progressively from their upper to their lowerend portions at an increasing angle to the median line of the car, anytransverse element in any one of said inner surfaces being substantiallya straight line.

10. A hopper, the walls of which are dis posed in a general rectangulararrangement and presenting a substantially rectangular dischargeopening, certain of said opposed walls presenting flat wall portionsbetween the corner portions of the hopper, flanked by corner-formingwall portions the inner surface of each of which latter'extendsprogressively from its upper to its lower end portion, at an increasingangle to the median line of the car.

11. A hopper, the walls of which are disposed in a general rectangulararrangement and presenting a substantially rectangular dischargeopening, certain of said opposed walls presenting flat wall portionsbetween the corner portions of the hopper, flanked by corner-formingwall portions the inner surface of each of which latter extendsprogressively from its upper to its lower end portion, at an increasingangle to the median line of the car, the inner surface of each of saidcorner-forming wall portions presenting a substantially plane surface atany plan section thercthrough.

12. A hopper, the walls of which are dis posed in a general rectangulararrangement, the wall portions at the corners of the hopper being in theform of twisted sheets pre senting substantially straight side edges,the

inner surface of'each of said sheets being a Jplane surface at any plansection therethrough.

13. .A hopper, the walls of which-are disposed in a general rectangulararrangement,

the inner surfaces of certain of said walls at the corners of the hopperbetween their marginal edges being of substantially the same contour asthat resented by a. sheet twisted to form a portion of a corn olution ofa spiral, said walls inclining downwardly toward the center of the car.

14. A hopper, the walls of which are disposed in a general rectangiilararrangement, the inner surfaces of certain of said walls at the cornersof the hopper betweentheir marginal edges being of substantially thesame contour as that presented by a'sheet twisted to form a portion of aconvolution of a spiral, said walls inclining downwardly and inwardlytoward the point of intersec-. tion of the longitudinal and transversecenter lines of thecar. r

15. In a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe and a hopper on said underframe, said underframe beingformed of side girders, draft-sill structures at opposite ends of thecar, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of said draft-sill structures,bearin -members for draft-sill structures, bearin -members for thetrucks located between said ,bolsters and the extremities of saidunder-frame, and

with said girders, bolsters, and bearingmembers and extending generallyin the di-' rection of the length of the car.

17. In 'a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, truckssupporting the underframe and a. hopperon said underframe, saidunderframe being formed of side girders, draft-sill structures atopposite endsof the car, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of saiddraft-sill structures, bearing-members for v the trucks located betweensaid bolsters and the extremities of said underframe, and

me n c nn g ge a d pa t of he each end of the underframe connected withsaid girders, bolsters, and bearing-members and converging toward theends of the car,

18. In a'hopper car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe and a hopper on said underframe, said underframe beingformed of side girders, draft-sill structures at opposite ends of thecar, bolsters adjacent the'inner ends of said draft-sill structures,bearing-members for the trucks located between said bolsters and 'theextremities of said underframe, means connecting together said parts ofthe underframe comprising members connected with said girders, bolsters,and bearing-members and extending generally in the direction of thelength of the car, and striking-members at the ends of the underframeconnected with {)he outer ends of said second-named memers.

19. In a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe and a hopper on said underframe, said under-frame beingformed of side irders, draft-sill structures at opposite ends of thecar, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of said draft-sill structures,bearing-members for the trucks located between said bolsters and theextremities of said underframe,

means connecting together said parts of the underframe comprising pairsof members at each end of the under-frame connected with sald girders,bolsters and bearing-mem bers, and striking-members at the ends oftheunder-frame connected with the outer 7 ends of said second-namedmembers.

20. In a hopper-car, the combination of an I underframe, truckssupportin the underframe and a hopper on said un erfrarne, said,underframe being formed of side girders, draft-sill structures atopposite ends of the .car, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of saiddraft-sill structures, bearing-members for the trucks located betweensaid bolsters and the'extremities of said underframe, means connectingtogether said parts of the under- -frame comprising members connectedwith said girders, bolsters, and bearing-members and extending generallyin the direction of the length ofthe car, and bridging members connectedwith said bearing-members and said draft-sill structure.

21. In a hopper car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underfrarne and a hopper on said underframe, said-underframe beingformed of side irders, draft-sill structures at opposite en s of thecar, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of said draft-sill structures,bearin -members for the trucks located between said bolsters and theextremities of said underframe, ,means connecting together said parts ofthe underframe comprisin pairs of members at each end f the-underha econne d with said girders, bolsters, and bearing-members and convergingtoward the ends of the car, and bridging-members connected with saidbearing-members and said draft-sill struc- 22. In a hopper-car, thecombination of an underframe, trucks supporting the underframe and ahopper on said underframe, said underframe being formed of side girders,draft-sill structures at opposite ends of the car, bolsters adjacent theinner ends of said draft-sill structures, bearing-members for the truckslocated between said bolsters and the extremities ofsaid underframe,means connecting together said parts of the underframe comprisingmembers connected with said girders, bolsters, and bear1ng-members andextending generally 1n the directlon of the length of the car,striking-members at the ends of the underframe connected with the outerends of said second-named members, and bridging-members connected wlthsaid bearing-members and said draft-sill structures.

23. In a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe and a hopper on said underframe, said underframebeingformed of side girders, draft-sill structures at opposite ends of thecar each comprising members aligned lengthwise of the car,bolster-members located at opposite sides of the inner members of saiddraft-sill structures, bearing-members for the trucks located betweensaid bolsters and the extremities of said underframe, and meansconnecting together said parts of the underframe. a

24. In a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe anda hopper on said underframe, said underframe beingformed of side girders, draft-sill structures 'at opposite ends of thecar each comprising members aligned lengthwise of the car,bolster-members located at opposite sides of the inner members of saiddraft-sill structures, bearing-members for the trucks located betweensaid bol- I sters and the extremities of said underframe,

and means connecting together .said parts of the underframe, comprisinga pair of members at each end ofthe car connected with said girders, theouter ends of said bol ster meinbers and with said bearing-members andconverging towardthe respective ends of the car.

25. In a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe and a hopper on said underframe, said underframe beingformed of side girders,-

draft-sill structures at opposite ends of the car each comprisingmembers aligned lengthwise of the car, bolster-members located atopposite sides of the inner members of said draft-sill structures,bearin -members for the trucks located between sald bolsters and theextremities of said underframe, means connecting together said parts ofthe underframe-comprising a pair of members at each end of the carconnected with said girders, the outer ends of said bolster-members andwith said bearing-members and converging toward the respective ends ofthe car and striking-plates located at the ends of the car and connectedwith the outer ends ofsaid pairs of members.

26. In a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe and a hopper on said undertrame, said underframe beingformed of side girders, draft-sill structures at opposite ends of thecar, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of said draft-sill structures andat the bottoms of the end-walls of said hopper, bearing-members for, thetrucks located between said bolsters and the extremities of saidunderframe, and means connecting together said parts of the underframe.

27. In a hopper-car, the combination of an undert'rame, truckssupporting the underframe and a hopper on said undertrame, saidunderframe being formed of side girders, draft-sill structures atopposite ends of the car, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of saiddraft-sill structures, uprights at the ends of said girders,bearing-members for the trucks locatedi between said bolsters and theextremities of said undertrame, and means connecting together said partsof the underframe.

28. In a hopper-car, the combination of an undertrame, trucks supportingthe underframe and ahopper on said underframe, said underframe beingformed of side girders, draft-sill structures at opposite ends of thecar, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of said draft-sill structures,uprights at the ends of said girders, bearing-members for the truckslocated between said bolsters and the extremities of said underframe,and means connecting together said parts of the underframe, saiduprights and bearing members being directly connected together.

29. In a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe under frame and a hopper on said underframe, said underframe beingformed of side girders, draft-sill structures at opposite ends of thecar, bolsters adjacent the inner ends of said draft-sill structures,uprights at the ends of said girders, bearing-members for the truckslocated between said bolsters and the extremities of said under-frame,and means connecting together said parts of the undertrame, saiduprights being directly connected with said girders and with saidbearingmembers.

30. Ina hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe and a hopper on said undergrame, said underframe beingformed of si e girders,

draft-sill structures at opposite ends of the car, bolsters adjacent theinner ends of said draft-sill structures, bearing-members for the truckslocated between said bolsters and the extremities of said underframe,members connected with said girders and said bolsters,

arms connecting said last-named members with said bearing-members andwith said bolsters, arms connected with said bearingmembers, andstriking plates secured to the outer ends of said last-named arms.

31. In a hopper-car, the combination of an.

underframe, trucks supporting the underframe and a hopper on saidunderframe, said underframe being formed of side girders, draft-sillstructures at opposite ends of the i car, bolsters adjacent the innerends of said draft-sill structures, bearing-members for the truckslocated between said bolsters and the extremities of said underframe,members connected with said girders and said bolsters,

arms connecting said last-named members with said bearing-members andwith said bolsters, arms connected with said bearing members,strikingplates secured to the outer ends of said last-named arms, andbridging members connected with said bearing mem bers and with saiddraft-sill structures.

32. In a hopper-car, the combination of an underframe, trucks supportingthe underframe, and a hopper on said underframe,

said underframe being formed of side girders, uprights located at theends of said girders, bearing-members for the trucks connected with saidgirders and said uprights,

members located between said bearing-members at each side of the frameand secured to bers, bridging-members connecting said bear- 1ng-memberswith said draft-sill structures, arms connected with said bearingmembers andextending therebeyond toward the ends of the car, andstriking-plates at opposite ends of the car connected with the outerends of said second-named arms.

PAUL KLEMOFF.

